This book focuses on parenthood and generativity, considered not only a set of biological functions, but as human and socio-cultural capabilities above and beyond gender differences. The authors reconsider in particular the institution of motherhood, emphasizing the historical and social function of women. Alongside a refl ection on the gender role of women as mothers and wives, this volume explores male identities and fatherhood. While claiming that parenthood and care are human characteristics – and not just gendered or female attributes – the authors suggest the adoption of a gylanic perspective on inter-gender relationships.